πMitochondrion
- tags
- Microbiology
- plural
- Mitochondria
Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell.
Two membranes:
outer membrane
- porous
inner membrane
- completely sealed (except for pumps)
- folded β large surface area (so you can have more pumps)
Proteins:
- 99% are generated outside the mitochondrion
- 1% by mitochondria itself
13 proteins are encoded in mtDNA out of ~44 proteins needed by mitochondrion
- how do they find one another and connect
Mitochondrial DNA (mDNA, mtDNA)
- encodes 13 proteins
- (usually) circular
usually inherited from the mother
- egg has 200,000 mtDNA molecules
sperm has 5
- those 5 are in the tail (which usually fall off) and are marked for destruction
- but there are documented cases of inheritance from the father
- mtDNA experiences little mutation and thatβs why mtDNA is good for tracking animal lineage
Metabolism:
- catabolic β ATP synthase
- anabolic β biosynthesis (helps build molecules)
- redox homeostasis